Simone Martinis and Robert Campin's Annunciation Essay

Simone Martinis and Robert Campin's Annunciation - Essay Example Simone Martini is one of the second generation Sienese artists, being a student of Duccio di Buoninsegna. They both belong to the school of painting that flourished in Siena, Italy between the 13th and 15th centuries. The Sienese art has rivaled the Florentine art and its main figures are Duccio di Buoninsegna, Simone Martini and Pietro Lorenzetti among others. The Annunciation was created by Simone Martine in 1333 just a year before his death. The artist has had French influence since he spend time in the Avignon. The state at that time was enveloped with trouble, when the Great Schism was happening, with three men claiming to be pope at the same time. Simone Martini was undoubtedly influenced by the Northern artists as he met them when he was in service and the Avignon.On the other hand, Robert Campin is a Flemish artist during the fifteenth century when he was called the "Master of Flemalle†. â€Å"Flemish painting flourished from the early 15th century until the 17th centu ry† when â€Å"Flanders delivered the leading painters in Northern Europe and attracted many promising young painters from neighboring countries†. These artists had the experience of doing painting works in the foreign courts giving them a Europe-wide influence. He is considered the great Master of early Netherlandish painting in the Early Renaissance Period. The Sienese school of painting where Simone Martini was groomed was characterized by a more conservative art, inclined towards â€Å"the decorative beauty and elegant grace of late Gothic art†.

Cargo Aircraft Fire Supression Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cargo Aircraft Fire Supression - Term Paper Example The sensors can wrongly detect dust and other aerosols as smoke particles. Since the aircraft crew has no way to visually verify the presence of a fire, any alarm has to be treated as a real fire. If the aircraft is in flight, the pilots need to discharge on-board extinguishing equipment, declare emergency priority over other traffic, and land the aircraft at the nearest airport. If a false alarm goes off before takeoff, the aircraft must return to the gate and takeoff is delayed until mechanics can solve the problem. These procedures followed to handle the false 'fire alarm' result in considerable loss of time and fuel. Hence current research in this field is geared towards developing systems which are false-alarm-free. Contemporary research activities also explore the use of multiple sensors and computer aided signal analysis and video camera aided fire and smoke indication. Along these lines, the NASA Glenn Research Center has developed a multi-sensor package to read in a wider variety of fire emissions instead of just smoke. The detector looks for higher concentration of combustion gases along with the smoke, thus developing a more diverse file picture for the sensors. These file pictures with varying gas concentrations and smoke particle sizes are then compared by the multi-sensor package against the values that are characteristic of an actual fire. NASA Glenn also uses MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) chemical sensors with this new fire detection concept in response to the significant number of false alarms generated by the current fire detectors used on aircraft. The MEMS sensor system consists of miniaturized carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide sensors, a smoke particle detector, and integrated software. It also has a processor that measures the response of the complete sensor system and signals if there was an actual fire. The resultant syste m is effective in recognizing the presence of fires while screening out false alarms. Tests conducted by NASA indicate the feasibility of the multi-sensor system. Improvements can still be made to the sensors, the packaging and the software interface, the durability and drill effects of the sensors. The system also needs to be compliant with the FAA certification criteria. (i) The B737-200 Freighter uses the Securaplane ST 3000 Fire Detection System which detects fire that originates in the lower cargo compartments of the aircraft. Radio communication links are used instead of wiring between the different limits of the system; this minimizes the quantity of wiring required, decreases the system weight and increases reliability. The system has nine smoke detectors (four in the forward cargo and five in the aft cargo compartments) mounted in the ceiling of each lower cargo compartment, one central control unit (CCU) located in the aft wall of the forward cargo compartment with a configuration module (CM), one control display unit (CDU) on P-5 overhead panel, two circuit breakers at P-18 panel and associated wiring. The System satisfies the FAA required Class "D" to Class "E" cargo conversion. The System can detect smoke anywhere within any cargo compartment within one minute at at-least two SDU locations. (ii) Fire extinguishing systems: The US Patent

Introduction of Sociology Essay Example for Free

Introduction of Sociology Essay 1. I think that sociologist should try to reform society, based on what they have studied about sociology. Because the main job of those sociologists is to study and research about the society and the human behavior, they are the ones who understand it the best. As a result, they should reform it, not others. 2. If I were a sociologist, I would use all of sociological perspectives, because each perspective has its own advantage and disadvantage. * Symbolic Interactionism: According to the symbolic interaction’s perspective, people attach meanings to symbols, and then they act according to their subjective interpretation of these symbols. Conversation is an interaction of symbols between individuals who constantly interpret the world around them. Of course, anything can serve as a symbol as long as it refers to something beyond itself. However, with the example about applying Symbolic Interactionism to U.S. marriages and divorces over time, this perspective just shows the slighting the influence of social forces and institutions on individual interactions. * Functional Analysis (Functionalism, and structural functionalism) each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to societys functioning as a whole. This basic approach can be applied to any social group, whether an entire society, a college, or even a group as small as a family. Nevertheless, when any social group loses function, functionalism does not encourage people to take an active role in changing their social environment. * Conflict Theory: conflict theorists stress that society is composed of group that are competing with one another for scarce resources. However, with the example about Feminist, the conflict perspective shows that women are more powerful in making headway in their historical struggle with men. As the result, the combination of 3 perspectives is the best sociological perspective I would use.

An Analysis of Data On Rape Crimes

An Analysis of Data On Rape Crimes Introduction I will comment on the value of data and highlight advantages and disadvantages of this data and finally and come up with appropriate business actions that could be taken and enable Russex constabulary to help prioritise their work. Methods of data collection Official statistics are those published by the central Government. This source of statistical information informs the general public about the extent of notifiable offences. Official statistics are easy and cheap to access as you can observe them on the Home Office web page. The second source of statistical information comes from the British Crime Survey (BCS). These statistics are unofficial and the procedures used to gather information are completely different to the first, as the statistical data comes from surveys carried out by the public themselves. The statistics given are based on a large representative sample of the general public about their experiences as victims of household and personal crime. The BCS endeavours to provide a count of crime that consists of episodes not reported to the police, therefore examining the dark figure of crime which is not recorded in official statistics. The British Crime Survey (BCS) is a large random survey of private households, designed to give a count of crime that includes incidents not reported to the police, or those reported to them but not recorded. The main BCS interview takes place face-to-face, with no gender matching of interviewer and respondent. This context is not conducive to accurately measuring levels of highly personal victimisation. Estimates of the level of sexual victimisation obtained by the main BCS are acknowledged to be underestimates Consequently, the survey now makes use of Computer Assisted Self-Interviewing (CASI), whereby respondents keyed their responses into a laptop computer themselves. This method provides respondents with an increased sense of confidentiality and minimises interviewer effects. Respondents who answered the self-completion modules were routed through a series of three screener questions, designed to identify whether or not they had been a victim of a sexual offence. If they responded positively to one or more of these, they then answered a series of follow-up questions, designed to elicit the exact nature of the last incident experienced. Data as a management tool Data collection is practical because you cannot manage what you do not measure. Statistics from data enables a police department to make smart judgments and assists them in possibly identifying department and procedural problems. Data collection is also a great gesture to the community, showing law enforcement has the willingness to take an inward look to prevent discrimination. It also displays a true commitment by law enforcement to address community concerns and needs. Data collection gives everyone something to work with even though it might be just a partial solution. With mandatory data collection, officers will be forced to think about what happens during an encounter and what they do and say and possibly what parts should be looked at closer. Data collection provide a basis for important policy changes. Statistical techniques Line Graph A line graph is most useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time. The example below shows the Rape of a female from 1993-2005/06 Some of the strengths of line graphs are that: They are good at showing specific values of data, meaning that given one variable the other can easily be determined. They show trends in data clearly, meaning that they visibly show how one variable is affected by the other as it increases or decreases. They enable the viewer to make predictions about the results of data not yet recorded. Unfortunately, it is possible to alter the way a line graph appears to make data look a certain way. This is done by either not using consistent scales on the axes, meaning that the value in between each point along the axis may not be the same, or when comparing two graphs using different scales for each. It is important that we all be aware of how graphs can be made to look a certain way, when that might not be the way the data really is. Rape of a female Long-term national recorded crime trend he rate of rapes on females during this period has dramatically increased (see above). Leah Williams from the Womens Resource Centre stated that there were 1,842 rapes reported in 1985, compared to 14,449 in 2005. There may be a good explanation for this trend. Research by feminist scholars Hanmer and Saunders (1984) cited in Goodey (2005) found that everyday reality of womens encounters of violence by men were not revealed in the BCS because the BCS is not designed to reveal such information. Therefore the number of rapes on females may not have increased during this period, but the number of reports to the police has increased. This suggests that rapes which may have occurred prior 1995 are only being reported to the police in the last decade. This may be due to the social construction of the police changing. There are more female officers now than previously which makes rape victims more willing to talk to female officers than male officers. Society has also changed in order to pr ovide more victim support for rape victims by establishing rape centres for victims. However, Hough (2004) stated in the Guardian newspaper that the BCS shows that the major types of crime have fallen dramatically since 1995, however, recorded crime has increased. This increase is due to the change in the way in which police count crime. In 1998 it was decided that victim reports of crimes will be recorded even if they are doubted. This may be an alternative reason to why there is an increase in rape crimes, as rape is hard to record without sufficient evidence. Reservations over data How accurate are the estimates? Unreported rape may feel that the government cannot do anything about it There are several reasons why the BCS self-completion modules are likely to underestimate the true level of sexual victimisation in England and Wales for women à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ general survey errors associated with response, sampling and coverage in particular, the BCS does cover institutions, the homeless or women under the age of 16, which excludes some high risk women à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the crime context of the BCS may lead to some women not reporting incidents they do not view as criminal, particularly where the perpetrator is known à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the screener question format will exclude women who do not identify with the particular terminology used in the questions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the BCS interview is not always conducted in private and the presence of other people in the room may inhibit disclosure, especially if this includes the perpetrator of an attack. Conclusion actions and recommendations Sexual offence statistics could be improved by enhanced police procedures, and by having better facilities to encourage a greater willingness of victims to come forward. The sexual crime reduction team are committed to tackling sexual offences and to providing the right support for victims. Better facilities have been introduced through the introduction of 13 sexual assault referral centre across the country. The Government want to make these multi agency services for victims available on a national basis, along with a rape help line. Low reporting rates to the police particularly occur in the area of rape, where the respondent might find it embarrassing or difficult to talk about the attack. However, this problem is trying to be countered out. Computer assisted self-interview forms have been introduced for issues such as sexual attacks. Even so much of this area of offences is still missed as victims might want to stay in denial, and keep the fact that they have been a victim of a sexual assault within their sub-conscious, due to finding it to painful to think about. Further specialist training for sexual offence cases should be undertaken by officers. As a result of these services, victims should feel more confident from the outset that their case is treated with professionalism and empathy. In turn, it will improve theirs and others confidence in the criminal justice system. Ultimately, this enhanced approach should lead to more reporting, recording and subsequently more realistic statistics. Offer tips for rape prevention. Wider use of rape clinics, and awareness of these.

Starving For Perfection Essay -- essays research papers fc

Starving for Acceptance In today’s society, where physical characteristics are used to measure beauty and success, people are willing to push their bodies to extremes to achieve physical perfection. As an overweight woman, I may be considered a failure of society’s beauty test. However, my high self-esteem and acceptance of my body allows me to not be disturbed by what, to some, may seem as a sign of failure. Unfortunately, there are people whose desire to be accepted by society causes them to develop eating disorders. The two most common are called anorexia and bulimia (WebMD.Com Eating 1). The Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, association (ANRED), states â€Å"Anorexia and bulimia affect primarily people in their teens and twenties, but clinicians report both disorders in children as young as six and individuals as old as seventy-six† (ANRED Statistics 1). Anorexia and bulimia are both serious eating disorders with differences and similarities in their symptoms, diagnosis , causes, treatments and prognosis. Although anorexia and bulimia share many of the same symptoms, they also have many differences. â€Å"About half of people with anorexia also have symptoms of bulimia† (MayoClinic.Com 2). According to the American Anorexia Bulimia Association (AABA), some symptoms of anorexia are: excessive exercising, depression, weakness, exhaustion, constipation, and loss of menstrual period in women (AABA Anorexia 1). They also state that bulimics suffer from those symptoms as well. (AABA Bulimia 1). Although there are similarities, each disorder has its own unique characteristics. A major symptom of bulimia is binging and purging. Bulimics practice binging, eating large amounts of food at one time, and purging, causing themselves to vomit, or defecate, in an attempt to prevent weight gain (Reyes 1). Anorexics, however, restrict their diets and starve themselves in attempt to stay thin and if possible, lose more weight (â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† 1) Like any other illness, eating disorders need to be diagnosed by a health care professional. People with eating disorders may also have psychological problems (WebMD.Com Eating 1). Because of this, medical and mental healthcare workers are able to diagnose both disorders (ANRED Treatment 3). The Mayo Clinic states that race, age, and social status of patients are also factors that affect the diagnosis of eating disorders: ... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Bulimia Nervosa.† The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. D. Olendorf, C. Jeryan, and K. Boyden. 1999. 2 Jun. 2001. . Johnson, Michael MD. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa.† DiscoveryHealth.Com. 4 Feb. 2000. 2 Jun. 2001. . MayoClinic.Com. Eating disorders: Widespread and difficult to treat. 17 Nov. 2000. 2 Jun. 2001. . Reyes, Ann Ph.D. â€Å"Bulimia.† DiscoveryHealth.Com. 12 Dec 1999. 2 Jun. 2001. . Rush, Colleen. â€Å"A Weighty Issue: Men with Eating Disorders.† Dr.Drew.com Healthbriefs. 2001. 2 Jun. 2001. . WebMd.Com. Eating Disorders. 2 Jun. 2001 . WebMd.Com. What Causes Eating Disorders? March 1999. 2 Jun. 2001. .

Essay --

Personal Statement My commitment and motivation to pursue master’s in Marriage and Family Therapy is based on the extensive experiences that I have gained in human services in the past 2 years. Since long I have always held the belief that the application of psychological principles has the power to positively impact society. And I especially believe in its power to help children cope with the stresses and events of everyday life. My own life is a testament to this belief. I have been interested in how behavior and thought processes affect lives. When I was fifteen, the demise of my father due to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) triggered a myriad of questions about this disorder in my mind. And this led me to take a class in psychology in high school, where I was oriented with psychological disorders. I successfully completed my high school with an aggregate of 81%. Keeping with the incipient interest, I had opted for a Bachelors Degree in Applied Psychology at Delhi University. Over a span of three years, this course which was based on rigorous pedagogue exposed me to various aspects of psychology, which included general psychology, statistics, research methods, and clinical psychology to name a few. I have always been a consistent performer right from my school days. This is evident from my under graduation which ultimately lauded me first class degree with 66% (GPA-3.61), standing among the top three out of forty talented students in my course group . The charm of extending the frontiers of knowledge in rapidly growing field of psychology had induced in me an interest to pursue higher studies. To satiate this curiosity and to embark upon a rewarding career in this field, I considered going for post graduate study in Applied Psy... ...ocial functioning of vulnerable populations such as minorities and deprived children and families. Along with counseling and offering supportive services, I would also like to implement various enabling workshops, which will help equip disadvantaged individuals with better skills and develop positive self-esteem and self-responsibilities. I believe graduate work in marriage and family therapy from La Salle University will better train me for the challenges I will be facing in my country. As a student and future professional, I am determined by an ethical obligation to endeavor for excellence in my educational deeds. I look forward to the challenge of developing my past and future learning experiences in an application-based environment. Throughout my college and work experiences, I have developed the discipline necessary to achieve the requirements of this program.

China: Overpopulation

The Country of China accumulates over 1/5 the population of the world with a massive total of over 1. 3 billion people. Having an Immense population not only creates problems within the country, but also triggers some of the largest Issues our world has faced today. Although China has released a One-Child policy to slightly limit the population rate, problems are continuing to grow at a constant rate. The most powerful institution in the nation of China is the Communist Party of China, otherwise known as the CPA.They set goals and policy that the government hen sets in motion (Dreamer). The Chinese government is generally thought to be repressive, while freedoms of speech, assembly, religion, and press are not well respected (â€Å"China†). In 1979, the Chinese Communist leader Issued the One-Child Policy to limit the nation's population (Hardwood). There are also exceptions to China's One-Child Policy. For instance, the policy applies only to the Han, who make up about 92% of China's population. The Han are descendants of China's first great dynasty.However, rural couples are allowed to have a second child if the first one was a female (Dreamer). Many believe that this form of policy Is unfair and can disturb the cultures of Chinese families. Years ago, China was once concerned for having had too many people to support. As of today, the One-Child Policy causes the country to have too few children to support a rapidly aging country (Hardwood). Also, because males are more valuable than females traditionally, the female population declines. If the ratio of men increases over women, then the population will also decline too fast (Hardwood).Based on the July 2013 census, the population of China stands at about 1,349,585,838 and continues to grow (â€Å"One-Child Policy'). With several people living In urban areas. It is quite difficult for China's government to force its population controlling policies (Hardwood). Those who don't follow the policy are pena lized with heavy fines, destruction of home or possessions, political/physical harassment, and even loss of employment (â€Å"One-Child Policy†). Even with the policy, China's population still continues to grow at a rapid pace.Some estimates show that nearly 1 million more births occur than deaths every 5 weeks (â€Å"One-Child Policy'). These problems will only continue to expedite adversely If a resolution does not develop soon. There are several causes for the rapidly increasing population, but only a few present itself as the primary source. One of the main factors is the fact that China has a high birth rate and a low death rate. This is due to a lack of family planning, a high level of Infant mortality and increased sanitation.Some cultures also believe that It Is unacceptable to use contraception's (â€Å"China†). Other than the logical causes, there was also said to be an â€Å"Economic Project† which had Increased the population to spark China's econom y. According to sources, â€Å"in 1 978, China embarked on an economic project that liberated foreign trade and investment; encouraging the formation of rural and private businesses as an attempt to raise China's economy (Hardwood). This project ultimately led to people having more children as it was conducive to the economy.The problem of overpopulation and the One-Child Policy affect China In several unemployment are serious problems which continue to rise in China (â€Å"China†). The Chinese government neglected to protect its water, air, and land against pollution. Because of this, China is the world's second largest producer of the dangerous greenhouse gases (Dreamer). For the impacts from the policy, â€Å"Officials of China suggested that the immediate consequences of the policy shift would be relatively minor, although the government's own demographic estimates showed that upwards of 10 million couples will be affected† (â€Å"One-Child Policy').The average h ousehold size in China was also down to 3. 1 people, from 3. 44 in 2000. From an international standpoint, the One-Child Policy impacts the entire world by helping reduce the population. Although people around the world complained that the rule was extreme and unfair, the policy has, in some ways, been effective (Dreamer). With China having a mass number of people living in such packed places, several people tend to immigrate to other countries, which can likely cause other problems within those countries as well (Dreamer).Because China is the most populous country, China attracts several other multi-national companies to set up their businesses in areas holding the largest people. Examples of these companies include Coca Cola, Motorola and Volkswagen (Hardwood). Because several companies set up their businesses in a variety of locations, China is ranked number one for having the fasted growing economy (â€Å"Dreamer†). Solutions to improving the policy are slowly going into effect.After the policy, a system of benefits and penalties went into effect. Couples who signed the policy pledge were sometimes granted rewards including regular payments, easy access to healthcare, education, and even desired Job categories for both the parents and the child (â€Å"One-Child Policy'). In the past year, China's governing Communist Party released a document presenting policy changes in allowing couples to have an additional child if the mother or father was an only child (â€Å"One-Child Policy').Because f the fact that the policy changes suit most people throughout the nation, the country of China may be able to become stable in the future without disturbing too much of the culture (Hardwood). Although China has released a One-Child policy to slightly reduce the population, the changes they have made will allow the country to become stronger and more stabilized. Although the country of China still contains problems due to an immense population. The Communist Par ty of China is still in search for a greater solution to make their nation a better place for both China and the World.